Python’s built-in function type() can be used to determine an object’s data type.
A function performs its task when you call it by writing its name, followed by square brackets, [].
The parentheses after a function name in a function call contain the function’s argument — the data that the function needs to perform its task.
Python is case sensitive, so number and Number are different identifiers.
Ans: (B) a function performs its task when you call it by writing its name, followed by parentheses,
().
""
None
"No"
3 < 5 and 4 < 3
Ans: (C)
Python uses the ^ symbol to raise one value to the power of another (e.g., 2 ^ 10).
The value of the following expression is 2: 7.5 % 3.5.
The data type of 2 + j in Python is always a complex number.
A statement in Python can span more than one line.
Ans: (D). (A) Python uses
**. (B) Should be 0.5. (C) Should be2 + 1j.
Sets are iterable, so they are sequences and support indexing and slicing with square brackets, [].
Sets are not iterable, so you cannot process each element in a set with a for loop.
You can create an empty set with {}.
A dictionary’s keys must be immutable and unique, but multiple keys can have the same value.
Ans: (D). (A) They are not sequence. (B) Sets are iterable! (C) This is dictionary, you should use
set().
If you have more than one statement in the body of if clause, those statements need to have the same indentation.
If you assign value to a new variable in the if clause. Assume that you enter the if clause during the execution; the variable will not be accessible after the if clause.
continue and break statements can be used in both for and while loops.
You can cause the program to terminate or exit before the last instruction by calling the sys.exit() function.
Ans: (B) The varible will still be accessible.
help() function on a custom or built-in function?Name of the function
docstring
Body of the function
Parameter list of the function
Ans: (C)
The random.randint(1,5) statement will randomly generate integers from 1 to 4.
The parameter with default value should always be put on the leftmost part of the parameter list of a function.
When there’s no return statement in a function, it implicitly returns the value None after executing the last statement in the function’s block.
If we would like to pass an arbitrary number of positional arguments to the function, we can use a special parameter like **kwargs.
Ans: (C). (A) generates integers from 1 to 5. (B) The parameter with default value should be put on the righthand side of normal parameter. (D) We should use something like
*args.
203040
20,30,40
20, 30, 40
Syntax error
Ans: (C)
[3, 'spam', 2, (1,5)]
('egg', 4, 7, [10, 3 ,5])
{'spam', 1, 7, [10, 3 ,5]}
{(2,3):'first tuple', (3,5): 'second tuple', 'a': 3}
Ans: (C) This is important because when you add an object to a set, its hash value is computed and used to determine its position in the set. If the object is mutable, and its contents change, then its hash value changes, and it can no longer be found in the set.
If you modify the sublist, which is sliced from a list, the original list is not modified.
When you pass a list to a function and modify the list inside the function, the original list is not modified.
Assume that spam is a string object. Considering the statement spam = spam + "world". The id (memory location) of spam before and after the execution will be different.
Assume that spam is a list object. Considering the statement spam = spam.append("world"). The id (memory location) of spam before and after the execution will be the same.
Ans: (B) the original list will also be modified. (D) is also True.
Python?"nsysu"
'nsysu'
""" nsysu """
str(nsysu)
Ans: (D)
String methods lower() and upper() can convert strings to all lowercase or all uppercase letters, respectively.
Python has separate data types for string and character.
Raw strings — preceded by the character r — treat each backslash as a regular character rather than the beginning of an escape sequence.
Backslash characters in strings introduce escape sequences — like \n for new-line and \t for tab.
Ans: (B) Python represents both string and characters using the same data type
str
dir()
help()
len()
type()
Ans: (A)
Attempting to divide by 0 results in a ZeroDivisionError.
Trying to access a local variable outside its function’s block causes a NameError, indicating that the variable is not defined.
After the last except clause, an optional else clause specifies code that should execute only if the code in the try suite raised an exception.
The finally clause is guaranteed to execute, regardless of whether its try clause executes successfully or an exception occurs.
Ans: (C). After the last except clause, an optional
elseclause specifies code that should execute only if the code in thetryclause did not raise exceptions.
Which variable has a different data type than others?
spam1spam2spam3Ans: (A) is
strwhile the other two will have float datatype.
for loops to generate the patterns. (8%)Hint: You can display all asterisks (#) using the following statement:
##########
#########
########
#######
######
#####
####
###
##
# #
##
###
####
#####
######
#######
########
#########
##########for row in range(10, 0, -1):
for space in range(10, row, -1):
print(' ', end='')
for column in range(1, row + 1):
print('#', end='')
print()##########
#########
########
#######
######
#####
####
###
##
#for row in range(10, 0, -1):
for space in range(1, row):
print(' ', end='')
for column in range(10, row - 1, -1):
print('#', end='')
print() #
##
###
####
#####
######
#######
########
#########
##########Ans: double click here to answer the question.
True. Otherwise, return False. Please complete the following game design by filling in the missing part in the function. (8%).import random
RANKS = ["A", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6", "7", "8", "9", "10", "J", "Q", "K"]
def create_deck():
suits = ['♣', '♦', '♥', '♠']
deck = [(rank, suit) for rank in RANKS for suit in suits] # Use list comprehension to create the deck.
return deck
# A function that takes the deck as a parameter and returns two lists, each containing 26 randomly-selected
# cards from the deck. Use list slicing and the random module to implement this function.
def deal_cards(deck):
random.shuffle(deck)
deck = deck[:30]
hand1 = deck[:15] # Split it into 15 cards in each using slice
hand2 = deck[15:]
return hand1, hand2
def get_ranks(hand):
"""Return just the ranks in hand."""
return [rank for rank, suit in hand]
def rank_key(card):
return RANKS.index(card)
def sort_hand(hand):
"""Order hand by index of each face in RANKS."""
return sorted(hand, key=rank_key)
def is_straight(hand):
"""Returns a Boolean indicating whether hand contains a straight."""
# check for any 5 consecutive faces
# Your code here
# 1. Return just the ranks in hand
ranks = get_ranks(hand)
# 2. Get unique rank from the ranks
ranks = set(ranks)
# 3. Sort the rank using the above function
ranks = sort_hand(ranks)
# 4. Using for loops to test whether we get a straight or not
for i in range(len(ranks) - 5):
for j in range(8):
if ranks[i:i+5] == RANKS[j:j+5]:
return True
return False
# Test data 1
random.seed(2023)
deck = create_deck()
hand1, hand2 = deal_cards(deck)
s1 = is_straight(hand1)
s2 = is_straight(hand2)
# Test data 2
random.seed(20)
deck = create_deck()
hand1, hand2 = deal_cards(deck)
s3 = is_straight(hand1)
s4 = is_straight(hand2)
assert (s1,s2) == (True, True)
assert (s3,s4) == (True, False)dictionary to summarize the frequency of each letter in a given text. Treat uppercase and lowercase letters the same, ignore spaces and assume that the user does not enter any punctuation. Display the letters and their frequency in descending order by completing the following code snippet. (8%)Hint: Refer to our slides to know how to count the number of occurrences of each letter in a string and how to sort the dictionaries according to the value.
text = 'This is some encrypted text with different words and this is some more text with a hidden message'
character_counts = {}
total = 0
# 1. Count occurrences of each letter, be sure to ignore the case and the space here
for character in "".join(text.lower().split()):
character_counts.setdefault(character, 0)
character_counts[character] = character_counts[character] + 1
total = total + 1
# 2. Sort the dictionaries using the values
def value_key(x):
return x[1]
# 3. Print out the character and the associated count
for character, count in sorted(character_counts.items(), key=value_key, reverse=True):
print(f'{character}: {count}')e: 12
t: 10
s: 9
i: 8
d: 6
h: 5
o: 4
m: 4
n: 4
r: 4
w: 3
a: 3
x: 2
f: 2
c: 1
y: 1
p: 1
g: 1set to get the unique email addresses from the list. (6%)def unique_address(mail):
"""
Parameters
----------
mail: list
The input list that contains duplicated entries
Returns
-------
uniques : list
The list that contains unique entries
"""
# Your code here
uniques = list(set([m.lower() for m in mail]))
return uniques
# Test data
text = ['John.doe@hotmail.com', 'michael.smith@gmail.com', 'ann.williams@msn.com', 'james.MILLER@gmail.com',
'james.miller@gmail.com', 'MICHAEL.smith@gmail.com', 'john.doe@hotmail.com','michael.smith@gmail.com']
uniques = unique_address(text)
print(uniques)['ann.williams@msn.com', 'michael.smith@gmail.com', 'john.doe@hotmail.com', 'james.miller@gmail.com']Bob 96 80 100
Adam 73 90 95
Michael 87 75 85
Harry 85 80 75Write program that reads the grades from the grades.txt and displays the average score for each student line by lien.
# Read the file
with open('grades.txt') as file:
# Your code here
# Iterate over each line in the file
for line in file:
# Split the line into a list of strings using whitespace as a delimiter
cline = line.strip().split()
# Extract the student's name and grades
name = cline[0]
grades = [int(grade) for grade in cline[1:]]
# Calculate the average grade
avg_grade = sum(grades)/len(grades)
# Display the average grade for the student
print(f'{name}: {avg_grade}')Bob: 92.0
Adam: 86.0
Michael: 82.33333333333333
Harry: 80.01 h - 4 m - 10 sHint: Use the floor division and the remainder operation to calculate the number of hours, minutes, and seconds.
Hint: Use the constant math.pi from the math module as the ground truth value for \(\pi\) and use abs() to calculate the error.
import math
approx_pi = 0
print(f"Value of pi is: {math.pi}")
print(f"Initial error is: {abs(approx_pi-math.pi)}")
# Your code here
n = 0
error = 1
print("Term\tapproximation\t\terror")
while error > 1e-3:
n += 1
term = (-1)**(n-1) / (2*n - 1)
approx_pi += 4 * term
error = abs(approx_pi - math.pi)
print(f'{n}\t{approx_pi:.10f}\t{error:.10f}')Value of pi is: 3.141592653589793
Initial error is: 3.141592653589793
Term approximation error
1 4.0000000000 0.8584073464
2 2.6666666667 0.4749259869
3 3.4666666667 0.3250740131
4 2.8952380952 0.2463545584
5 3.3396825397 0.1980898861
6 2.9760461760 0.1655464775
7 3.2837384837 0.1421458301
8 3.0170718171 0.1245208365
9 3.2523659347 0.1107732811
10 3.0418396189 0.0997530347
11 3.2323158094 0.0907231558
12 3.0584027659 0.0831898877
13 3.2184027659 0.0768101123
14 3.0702546178 0.0713380358
15 3.2081856523 0.0665929987
16 3.0791533942 0.0624392594
17 3.2003655154 0.0587728618
18 3.0860798011 0.0555128525
19 3.1941879092 0.0525952556
20 3.0916238067 0.0499688469
21 3.1891847823 0.0475921287
22 3.0961615265 0.0454311271
23 3.1850504154 0.0434577618
24 3.0999440324 0.0416486212
25 3.1815766854 0.0399840318
26 3.1031453129 0.0384473407
27 3.1786170110 0.0370243574
28 3.1058897383 0.0357029153
29 3.1760651769 0.0344725233
30 3.1082685667 0.0333240869
31 3.1738423372 0.0322496836
32 3.1103502737 0.0312423799
33 3.1718887352 0.0302960816
34 3.1121872427 0.0294054109
35 3.1701582572 0.0285656036
36 3.1138202290 0.0277724246
37 3.1686147496 0.0270220960
38 3.1152814162 0.0263112374
39 3.1672294682 0.0256368146
40 3.1165965568 0.0249960968
41 3.1659792728 0.0243866193
42 3.1177865018 0.0238061518
43 3.1648453253 0.0232526717
44 3.1188683138 0.0227243398
45 3.1638121340 0.0222194804
46 3.1198560901 0.0217365635
47 3.1628668428 0.0212741892
48 3.1207615796 0.0208310740
49 3.1619986930 0.0204060394
50 3.1215946526 0.0199980010
51 3.1611986130 0.0196059594
52 3.1223636615 0.0192289921
53 3.1604588996 0.0188662460
54 3.1230757221 0.0185169315
55 3.1597729698 0.0181803162
56 3.1237369337 0.0178557199
57 3.1591351638 0.0175425102
58 3.1243525551 0.0172400985
59 3.1585405893 0.0169479357
60 3.1249271439 0.0166655097
61 3.1579849952 0.0163923416
62 3.1254646700 0.0161279836
63 3.1574646700 0.0158720164
64 3.1259686070 0.0156240466
65 3.1569763589 0.0153837053
66 3.1264420078 0.0151506458
67 3.1565171957 0.0149245421
68 3.1268875661 0.0147050875
69 3.1560846464 0.0144919928
70 3.1273076680 0.0142849856
71 3.1556764623 0.0140838087
72 3.1277044343 0.0138882193
73 3.1552906412 0.0136979876
74 3.1280797569 0.0135128967
75 3.1549253945 0.0133327409
76 3.1284353282 0.0131573254
77 3.1545791191 0.0129864655
78 3.1287726675 0.0128199861
79 3.1542503745 0.0126577209
80 3.1290931418 0.0124995118
81 3.1539378623 0.0123452087
82 3.1293979850 0.0121946686
83 3.1536404092 0.0120477556
84 3.1296883134 0.0119043402
85 3.1533569525 0.0117642989
86 3.1299651396 0.0116275140
87 3.1530865269 0.0114938733
88 3.1302293840 0.0113632696
89 3.1528282541 0.0112356005
90 3.1304818854 0.0111107682
91 3.1525813329 0.0109886793
92 3.1307234094 0.0108692442
93 3.1523450310 0.0107523774
94 3.1309546567 0.0106379969
95 3.1521186778 0.0105260242
96 3.1311762695 0.0104163841
97 3.1519016581 0.0103090045
98 3.1313888375 0.0102038160
99 3.1516934061 0.0101007525
100 3.1315929036 0.0099997500
101 3.1514934011 0.0099007475
102 3.1317889676 0.0098036860
103 3.1513011627 0.0097085091
104 3.1319774912 0.0096151624
105 3.1511162472 0.0095235936
106 3.1321589012 0.0094337524
107 3.1509382439 0.0093455903
108 3.1323335928 0.0092590608
109 3.1507667725 0.0091741189
110 3.1325019323 0.0090907213
111 3.1506014798 0.0090088262
112 3.1326642601 0.0089283935
113 3.1504420379 0.0088493843
114 3.1328208925 0.0087717611
115 3.1502881414 0.0086954878
116 3.1329721241 0.0086205295
117 3.1501395061 0.0085468525
118 3.1331182295 0.0084744241
119 3.1499958666 0.0084032130
120 3.1332594649 0.0083331887
121 3.1498569753 0.0082643217
122 3.1333960699 0.0081965836
123 3.1497226006 0.0081299470
124 3.1335282686 0.0080643850
125 3.1495925256 0.0079998720
126 3.1336562706 0.0079363830
127 3.1494665473 0.0078738937
128 3.1337802728 0.0078123808
129 3.1493444751 0.0077518215
130 3.1339004597 0.0076921939
131 3.1492261302 0.0076334766
132 3.1340170047 0.0075756489
133 3.1491113443 0.0075186907
134 3.1341300709 0.0074625827
135 3.1489999594 0.0074073058
136 3.1342398118 0.0073528418
137 3.1488918264 0.0072991729
138 3.1343463719 0.0072462817
139 3.1487868051 0.0071941515
140 3.1344498875 0.0071427660
141 3.1486847630 0.0070921094
142 3.1345504874 0.0070421662
143 3.1485855751 0.0069929215
144 3.1346482929 0.0069443607
145 3.1484891233 0.0068964697
146 3.1347434188 0.0068492347
147 3.1483952960 0.0068026424
148 3.1348359739 0.0067566796
149 3.1483039874 0.0067113338
150 3.1349260610 0.0066665926
151 3.1482150975 0.0066224439
152 3.1350137774 0.0065788762
153 3.1481285315 0.0065358779
154 3.1350992155 0.0064934380
155 3.1480441994 0.0064515458
156 3.1351824630 0.0064101906
157 3.1479620157 0.0063693622
158 3.1352636030 0.0063290505
159 3.1478818996 0.0062892460
160 3.1353427146 0.0062499390
161 3.1478037738 0.0062111202
162 3.1354198729 0.0061727807
163 3.1477275652 0.0061349116
164 3.1354951493 0.0060975043
165 3.1476532040 0.0060605504
166 3.1355686119 0.0060240417
167 3.1475806239 0.0059879703
168 3.1356403254 0.0059523282
169 3.1475097616 0.0059171080
170 3.1357103515 0.0058823021
171 3.1474405568 0.0058479032
172 3.1357787492 0.0058139044
173 3.1473729521 0.0057802985
174 3.1358455746 0.0057470790
175 3.1473068927 0.0057142391
176 3.1359108813 0.0056817723
177 3.1472423260 0.0056496724
178 3.1359747204 0.0056179332
179 3.1471792022 0.0055865486
180 3.1360371409 0.0055555127
181 3.1471174733 0.0055248197
182 3.1360981896 0.0054944640
183 3.1470570937 0.0054644401
184 3.1361579111 0.0054347425
185 3.1469980195 0.0054053659
186 3.1362163484 0.0053763052
187 3.1469402089 0.0053475554
188 3.1362735423 0.0053191113
189 3.1468836219 0.0052909683
190 3.1363295321 0.0052631214
191 3.1468282198 0.0052355662
192 3.1363843556 0.0052082980
193 3.1467739660 0.0051813124
194 3.1364380487 0.0051546049
195 3.1467208250 0.0051281714
196 3.1364906460 0.0051020076
197 3.1466687630 0.0050761094
198 3.1365421807 0.0050504728
199 3.1466177475 0.0050250939
200 3.1365926848 0.0049999688
201 3.1465677472 0.0049750936
202 3.1366421889 0.0049504647
203 3.1465187321 0.0049260785
204 3.1366907223 0.0049019313
205 3.1464706734 0.0048780198
206 3.1367383133 0.0048543403
207 3.1464235433 0.0048308897
208 3.1367849891 0.0048076645
209 3.1463773152 0.0047846616
210 3.1368307758 0.0047618778
211 3.1463319635 0.0047393099
212 3.1368756987 0.0047169549
213 3.1462874634 0.0046948098
214 3.1369197819 0.0046728717
215 3.1462437912 0.0046511376
216 3.1369630488 0.0046296048
217 3.1462009241 0.0046082705
218 3.1370055218 0.0045871318
219 3.1461588398 0.0045661862
220 3.1370472225 0.0045454311
221 3.1461175173 0.0045248637
222 3.1370881719 0.0045044817
223 3.1460769360 0.0044842824
224 3.1371283901 0.0044642635
225 3.1460370761 0.0044444225
226 3.1371678965 0.0044247571
227 3.1459979186 0.0044052650
228 3.1372067098 0.0043859438
229 3.1459594450 0.0043667914
230 3.1372448480 0.0043478055
231 3.1459216376 0.0043289840
232 3.1372823288 0.0043103248
233 3.1458844793 0.0042918257
234 3.1373191688 0.0042734848
235 3.1458479535 0.0042552999
236 3.1373553845 0.0042372691
237 3.1458120441 0.0042193905
238 3.1373909915 0.0042016621
239 3.1457767357 0.0041840821
240 3.1374260050 0.0041666486
241 3.1457420133 0.0041493597
242 3.1374604398 0.0041322138
243 3.1457078625 0.0041152089
244 3.1374943101 0.0040983434
245 3.1456742692 0.0040816157
246 3.1375276297 0.0040650239
247 3.1456412200 0.0040485664
248 3.1375604119 0.0040322417
249 3.1456087017 0.0040160481
250 3.1375926696 0.0039999840
251 3.1455767015 0.0039840479
252 3.1376244152 0.0039682383
253 3.1455452073 0.0039525537
254 3.1376556610 0.0039369926
255 3.1455142071 0.0039215536
256 3.1376864185 0.0039062351
257 3.1454836894 0.0038910359
258 3.1377166992 0.0038759544
259 3.1454536431 0.0038609895
260 3.1377465140 0.0038461396
261 3.1454240572 0.0038314036
262 3.1377758736 0.0038167800
263 3.1453949212 0.0038022676
264 3.1378047884 0.0037878652
265 3.1453662251 0.0037735715
266 3.1378332684 0.0037593852
267 3.1453379588 0.0037453052
268 3.1378613233 0.0037313303
269 3.1453101129 0.0037174593
270 3.1378889626 0.0037036910
271 3.1452826779 0.0036900243
272 3.1379161954 0.0036764582
273 3.1452556450 0.0036629914
274 3.1379430307 0.0036496229
275 3.1452290052 0.0036363516
276 3.1379694771 0.0036231765
277 3.1452027501 0.0036100965
278 3.1379955429 0.0035971107
279 3.1451768715 0.0035842179
280 3.1380212364 0.0035714172
281 3.1451513612 0.0035587076
282 3.1380465654 0.0035460881
283 3.1451262115 0.0035335579
284 3.1380715377 0.0035211158
285 3.1451014147 0.0035087611
286 3.1380961608 0.0034964928
287 3.1450769636 0.0034843100
288 3.1381204418 0.0034722118
289 3.1450528508 0.0034601973
290 3.1381443880 0.0034482656
291 3.1450290696 0.0034364160
292 3.1381680061 0.0034246475
293 3.1450056129 0.0034129593
294 3.1381913029 0.0034013507
295 3.1449824744 0.0033898208
296 3.1382142849 0.0033783687
297 3.1449596474 0.0033669938
298 3.1382369583 0.0033556953
299 3.1449371258 0.0033444723
300 3.1382593295 0.0033333241
301 3.1449149036 0.0033222500
302 3.1382814044 0.0033112492
303 3.1448929746 0.0033003210
304 3.1383031888 0.0032894648
305 3.1448713333 0.0032786797
306 3.1383246885 0.0032679651
307 3.1448499739 0.0032573204
308 3.1383459089 0.0032467447
309 3.1448288911 0.0032362375
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848 3.1404134087 0.0011792449
849 3.1427705095 0.0011778559
850 3.1404161834 0.0011764702
851 3.1427677413 0.0011750877
852 3.1404189451 0.0011737085
853 3.1427649861 0.0011723325
854 3.1404216938 0.0011709598
855 3.1427622438 0.0011695902
856 3.1404244297 0.0011682239
857 3.1427595143 0.0011668607
858 3.1404271528 0.0011655008
859 3.1427567975 0.0011641440
860 3.1404298633 0.0011627903
861 3.1427540934 0.0011614398
862 3.1404325612 0.0011600924
863 3.1427514018 0.0011587482
864 3.1404352466 0.0011574070
865 3.1427487226 0.0011560690
866 3.1404379196 0.0011547340
867 3.1427460557 0.0011534022
868 3.1404405802 0.0011520734
869 3.1427434012 0.0011507476
870 3.1404432287 0.0011494249
871 3.1427407588 0.0011481052
872 3.1404458650 0.0011467886
873 3.1427381286 0.0011454750
874 3.1404484892 0.0011441644
875 3.1427355104 0.0011428568
876 3.1404511015 0.0011415521
877 3.1427329041 0.0011402505
878 3.1404537018 0.0011389518
879 3.1427303096 0.0011376561
880 3.1404562903 0.0011363633
881 3.1427277270 0.0011350734
882 3.1404588671 0.0011337865
883 3.1427251561 0.0011325025
884 3.1404614322 0.0011312214
885 3.1427225967 0.0011299431
886 3.1404639858 0.0011286678
887 3.1427200489 0.0011273954
888 3.1404665278 0.0011261258
889 3.1427175126 0.0011248590
890 3.1404690584 0.0011235952
891 3.1427149877 0.0011223341
892 3.1404715777 0.0011210759
893 3.1427124741 0.0011198205
894 3.1404740857 0.0011185679
895 3.1427099717 0.0011173181
896 3.1404765825 0.0011160711
897 3.1427074804 0.0011148269
898 3.1404790682 0.0011135854
899 3.1427050003 0.0011123467
900 3.1404815428 0.0011111108
901 3.1427025312 0.0011098776
902 3.1404840065 0.0011086471
903 3.1427000730 0.0011074194
904 3.1404864592 0.0011061944
905 3.1426976256 0.0011049720
906 3.1404889012 0.0011037524
907 3.1426951891 0.0011025355
908 3.1404913323 0.0011013213
909 3.1426927633 0.0011001097
910 3.1404937528 0.0010989008
911 3.1426903481 0.0010976945
912 3.1404961627 0.0010964909
913 3.1426879435 0.0010952899
914 3.1404985620 0.0010940916
915 3.1426855494 0.0010928958
916 3.1405009509 0.0010917027
917 3.1426831658 0.0010905122
918 3.1405033293 0.0010893243
919 3.1426807925 0.0010881390
920 3.1405056974 0.0010869562
921 3.1426784296 0.0010857760
922 3.1405080552 0.0010845984
923 3.1426760769 0.0010834233
924 3.1405104028 0.0010822508
925 3.1426737344 0.0010810808
926 3.1405127403 0.0010799133
927 3.1426714019 0.0010787483
928 3.1405150677 0.0010775859
929 3.1426690795 0.0010764260
930 3.1405173851 0.0010752685
931 3.1426667671 0.0010741135
932 3.1405196925 0.0010729611
933 3.1426644646 0.0010718111
934 3.1405219901 0.0010706635
935 3.1426621720 0.0010695184
936 3.1405242778 0.0010683758
937 3.1426598891 0.0010672356
938 3.1405265558 0.0010660978
939 3.1426576160 0.0010649624
940 3.1405288241 0.0010638295
941 3.1426553525 0.0010626990
942 3.1405310828 0.0010615708
943 3.1426530987 0.0010604451
944 3.1405333319 0.0010593217
945 3.1426508544 0.0010582008
946 3.1405355714 0.0010570822
947 3.1426486195 0.0010559659
948 3.1405378016 0.0010548520
949 3.1426463941 0.0010537405
950 3.1405400223 0.0010526313
951 3.1426441780 0.0010515244
952 3.1405422337 0.0010504199
953 3.1426419712 0.0010493177
954 3.1405444358 0.0010482177
955 3.1426397737 0.0010471201
956 3.1405466288 0.0010460248
957 3.1426375854 0.0010449318
958 3.1405488125 0.0010438411
959 3.1426354062 0.0010427526
960 3.1405509872 0.0010416664
961 3.1426332360 0.0010405824
962 3.1405531528 0.0010395008
963 3.1426310749 0.0010384213
964 3.1405553095 0.0010373441
965 3.1426289227 0.0010362692
966 3.1405574572 0.0010351964
967 3.1426267795 0.0010341259
968 3.1405595960 0.0010330576
969 3.1426246451 0.0010319915
970 3.1405617260 0.0010309276
971 3.1426225194 0.0010298658
972 3.1405638473 0.0010288063
973 3.1426204025 0.0010277490
974 3.1405659598 0.0010266938
975 3.1426182943 0.0010256408
976 3.1405680637 0.0010245899
977 3.1426161948 0.0010235412
978 3.1405701590 0.0010224946
979 3.1426141038 0.0010214502
980 3.1405722457 0.0010204079
981 3.1426120213 0.0010193677
982 3.1405743239 0.0010183297
983 3.1426099473 0.0010172937
984 3.1405763937 0.0010162599
985 3.1426078818 0.0010152282
986 3.1405784551 0.0010141985
987 3.1426058246 0.0010131710
988 3.1405805081 0.0010121455
989 3.1426037757 0.0010111221
990 3.1405825528 0.0010101008
991 3.1426017351 0.0010090815
992 3.1405845893 0.0010080643
993 3.1425997027 0.0010070491
994 3.1405866176 0.0010060360
995 3.1425976785 0.0010050249
996 3.1405886378 0.0010040158
997 3.1425956624 0.0010030088
998 3.1405906498 0.0010020038
999 3.1425936543 0.0010010008
1000 3.1405926538 0.0009999997We need 1000 terms in order to get the error below \(10^{-3}\)
def eggs(somelist):
somelist[-1].append('Bob')
print(somelist)
spam = [3,5,6,['Hello', 'Alice']]
spam2 = spam # Fix me here
eggs(spam2)
print(spam)What will be printed out when executing the code? Please also explain why you get such a result.
From (a), you see that the global variable spam has been modified. Fix the above code annotated with “Fix me here” if you do not want it to be changed.
def eggs(somelist):
somelist[-1].append('Bob')
print(somelist)
spam = [3,5,6,['Hello', 'Alice']]
spam2 = spam
eggs(spam2)
print(spam)[3, 5, 6, ['Hello', 'Alice', 'Bob']]
[3, 5, 6, ['Hello', 'Alice', 'Bob']][3, 5, 6, ['Hello', 'Alice', 'Bob']]
[3, 5, 6, ['Hello', 'Alice', 'Bob']]because list is mutable object, so it will be modified inside the eggs() function.
deepcopy() from the copy module as follows: